Illuvium(ILV) Whitepaper

CRYPTO-ASSET WHITE PAPER - [ILV]

Version Number: 1.0

Document Type: White Paper

Document Author Offeror: OKX Europe Limited

Document Status: APPROVED

Language: English

TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. DATE OF NOTIFICATION II. STATEMENTS III. WARNING IV. INFORMATION ON RISKS

1. Offer-Related Risks

2. Issuer-Related Risks

3. Crypto-Assets-Related Risks

4. Project Implementation-Related Risks

5. Technology-Related Risks

6. Mitigation Measures V. GENERAL INFORMATION A. Information of the Offeror or the Person Seeking Admission to Trading B. Information of the Issuer C. Information about OKX Europe Limited ("OKX") VI. INFORMATION ABOUT THE CRYPTO-ASSET D. Information about the Crypto-Asset Project E. Information about the Offer to the Public of the Crypto-Asset or Its Admission to Trading F. Information about the Crypto-Assets G. Information about the Rights and Obligations Attached to the Crypto-Asset H. Information about the Underlying Technology I. Information on the Principal Adverse Impacts on the Climate and Other Environmental-Related Adverse Impacts of the Consensus Mechanism Used to Issue the Crypto-Asset. VII. GLOSSARY

I. DATE OF NOTIFICATIONThe Date of Notification of this Crypto-Asset White Paper is [YYYY-MM-DD].

II. STATEMENTSA. This Crypto-Asset White Paper has not been approved by any Competent Authority in any Member State of the European Union. OKX Europe Limited is solely responsible for the content of this Crypto-Asset White Paper. B. This Crypto-Asset White Paper complies with Title II of the Regulation (EU) 2923/1114, to the best of the knowledge of the management body, the information presented in the Crypto-Asset White Paper is fair, clear, and not misleading and the Crypto-Asset White Paper makes no omission likely to affect its import. C. The Crypto-Asset White Paper provides that ILV may not be transferable, or liquid, or lose its value, in part or in full. D. The Utility Token referred to in this Crypto-Asset White Paper may not be exchangeable against the good or service promised in the Crypto-Asset White Paper, especially in the case of a failure or discontinuation of the Crypto-Asset Project. This statement is TRUE. E. The Crypto-Asset referred to in this Crypto-Asset White Paper is not covered by the investor compensation schemes under the Directive 97/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council. F. The Crypto-Asset referred to in this Crypto-Asset White Paper is not covered by the deposit guarantee schemes under Directive 2014/49/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council.

III. WARNINGA. The summary should be read in conjunction with the content of the Crypto-Asset White Paper. B. The Prospective Holder should base any decision to purchase this Crypto-Asset on the content of the Crypto-Asset White Paper as a whole and not on the summary alone. C. The offer to the public of the Crypto-Asset does not constitute an offer or solicitation to purchase financial instruments and that any such offer or solicitation can be made only by means of a prospectus or other offer documents pursuant to the applicable National Law. D. This Crypto-Asset White Paper does not constitute a prospectus as referred to in the Regulation (EU) 2017/1129 of the European Parliament and the Council or any other offer document pursuant to the European Union or National Law. E. The Illuvium (ILV) token is an ERC-20 utility token issued on the Ethereum blockchain. It is designed to function within the Illuvium gaming ecosystem, a decentralised, open-world fantasy battle game. The ILV token grants holders the right to participate in the project's governance through the Illuvium DAO and to earn rewards by staking their tokens. F. The ILV token provides holders with access to participate in the governance of the Illuvium protocol and to earn a share of the revenue generated within the gaming ecosystem. Holders can stake their ILV tokens to vote in council elections and receive rewards distributed from the Illuvium Vault, which collects fees from in-game activities. The token does not grant redemption rights for a fixed quantity of goods or services. The ILV token is freely and instantly transferable, utilising the underlying blockchain network's standard processes. G. This whitepaper is published solely in connection with the admission to trading of the ILV token on OKX Europe Limited's trading platform. There has been no offer of the crypto-asset to the public, and the crypto-asset has not been made available in exchange for fiat currency or other crypto-assets prior to its listing. The crypto-asset will be admitted to trading via OKX Europe Limited, an authorised crypto-asset service provider ("CASP") operating within the European Union. The trading admission does not involve any subscription, sale, or fundraising process. The purpose of this document is to provide key information regarding the characteristics of the crypto-asset, its governance, rights, and associated risks, to enable informed decision-making by users and market participants in the context of its admission to trading. Access to the crypto-asset on the trading platform may be subject to user verification, platform conditions, or applicable legal restrictions depending on the jurisdiction.

IV. INFORMATION ON RISKS1. Offer-Related RisksThis whitepaper is submitted by OKX Europe Limited solely for the purpose of the assets admission to trading. No public offer of ILV tokens is being made by the issuer or OKX Europe Limited.Risks associated with the admission to trading include:

• Service-related Interruption: Holders may be unable to access the utility due to technical, operation, or regulatory disruptions.

• Jurisdictional limitations: ILV services or token utility may not be available in all jurisdictions, potentially restricting access.

• Platform Reliance: Access depends on third-party infrastructure (wallets,platforms) and service interruptions or failures may affect token utility.

• Limited Liability: OKX Europe Limited assumes no responsibility for the issuers project continuation, and token ownership does not confer contractual rights or guarantees.

• Unexpected Risks: Beyond the risks outlined in this whitepaper, there may be additional risks that are currently unforeseen. It is imperative to note that certain risks may emerge from unforeseen events, changes, or interactions among factors that are difficult to predict. These unexpected risks may significantly and negatively impact the crypto-asset, the project, or the parties involved.

2. Issuer-Related Risks

• Operational Risks: There is a risk that the issuer may face financial or operational difficulties, including insolvency, which could impact the continued development or availability of the services associated with the ILV token.

• Counterparty Risks: Counterparty risks may arise where the issuer relies on third-party service providers or technology partners.

• Reputational Risks: Adverse media and/or damage or loss of key personnel could negatively affect the ecosystem that the ILV token lives on.

• Competition Risk: The issuer may face increased competition or changes in market conditions that affect its ability to carry out its objectives.

• Regulatory Risks: The issuer may be subject to investigations, enforcement actions, or change in regulation that affect the tokens legal status in certain jurisdictions.

• Disclosure Risks: The issuer may not be required to provide financial statements, limiting ILV token holders visibility into the financial health status of the issuer/project.

• Key Person Risk: The project and/or token's success may rely on a small number of individuals or core team, Kieran Warwick, Aaron Keith Warwick, and Grant Warwick in this instance. If these individuals depart from the project, the direction and continuity of the project may be negatively affected in the future.

• Issuer Risks: The information provided is based solely on publicly available sources and does not constitute any form of guarantee or warranty as to its accuracy or completeness.

3. Crypto-Assets-Related Risks

• Market Volatility: The ILV token may be subject to significant volatility and could lose value rapidly, either due to market conditions or otherwise (issuer-related/technology/project implementation risks)

• Utility Risk: The ILV tokens utility depends on access to certain services, and any modification or discontinuation of those services could reduce the associated utility of the token.

• Smart Contract Risk: The ILV token may operate through smart contracts that may contain vulnerabilities, even if audited, and upgrades to the protocol or governance changes may affect functionality.

• Liquidity Risk: Periods of low/limited liquidity may occur, particularly if the demand for the token or its use case decreases, which could have adverse effects on the ILV tokens price and future use cases.

• Holding Concentration Risk: A small number of holders controlling a large portion of the circulating supply may create risks of security concerns, price manipulation, sudden sell-offs, or influence of key governance decisions.

4. Project Implementation-Related Risks

• Scalability Issues: There is a risk that the project may not be implemented or scaled as intended. Technical limitations or infrastructure bottlenecks could hinder the expected scalability of the project, especially if user demand exceeds network or protocol capacity.

• Governance Risk: The project may be subject to governance processes that involve on-chain voting or community proposals. Misaligned incentives, low participation, or malicious actors may affect the outcome of governance decisions and disrupt the project's roadmap.

• Centralisation Risk: Similar to governance risks outlined above, centralisation within the governance process, or validator centralisation could lead to a lack of decentralization within the network, which carries future risks in terms of trust within the project, and also in regards to future roadmaps where plans may not reflect the interests of the broader user base.

5. Technology-Related Risks

• Blockchain Performance Risk: The Ethereum blockchain, on which the token is issued, may experience downtime or congestion, which could delay or prevent token transfer or utility usage.

• Consensus Failure Risk: A failure in the blockchains consensus mechanism could result in halted transactions, unexpected behavior, or loss in network integrity.

• Smart Contract Vulnerabilities: Although the token uses audited or standard smart contract makeups (ERC-20 standard), undetected bugs, exploits, or implementation errors could compromise functionality or security.

• Upgradeability Risk: if the token or related contracts are upgradeable and have designated "owner" addresses, this introduces a central point of failure, and could be misused by malicious actors.

• Third-party Infrastructure Dependency: Interaction with the token or project may rely on external infrastructure (APIs, wallet services, off-chain governance voting). Outages or attacks may interrupt access to token-related services.

• Interoperability Risk: If the token interacts with other chains, bridges, or oracles, failures or exploits in those systems could affect the tokens operations.

• Protocol-level Risk: Upgrades or forks of the protocol itself may affect the token, which could lead to compatibility issues and/or unexpected token behaviour.

• Emerging Technology Risk: Advances in computing or undiscovered vulnerabilities in cryptographic algorithms may pose long-term security risks to the blockchain or associated smart contracts.

6. Mitigation Measures

• Blockchain Performance Risk: The Ethereum blockchain has adopted a Proof-of-Stake consensus mechanism to improve network scalability and reduce latency. Ongoing upgrades to the network are designed to enhance throughput, and gas fees help prioritise transactions under load.

• Consensus Failure Risk: Ethereum Proof-of-Stake consensus mechanism includes validator incentives, slashing penalties for malicious actors, and finality checkpoints to ensure integrity. The validator set is large and globally distributed which reinforces decentralization of the network.

• Smart Contract Vulnerabilities: Smart contracts on Ethereum are immutable by design, unless explicitly designed to be upgradeable. The ecosystem encourages open source code, independent audits, and community input. Standardised libraries such as OpenZeppelin reduce coding errors by reusing tested components.

• Upgradeability Risk: Ethereum does not enforce upgrade functionalities within smart contracts, but supports their technical implementation. Risks related to upgradeable contracts can be mitigated through standard practices such as time delay triggers or multi-sig wallets.

• Third-party Infrastructure Dependency: The Ethereum blockchain & ecosystem supports decentralized indexing and querying via different protocols to reduce reliance on centralized third party data services.

• Interoperability Risk: Mitigations for cross-chain bridging include usage of audited bridges and token locking mechanisms.

• Protocol-level Risk: Ethereum maintains a public roadmap and follows a structured governance process. Core updates to the network undergo extensive testing and community reviews.

• Emerging Technology Risk: Ethereum developers monitor potential emerging technology threats, and are actively researching and developing quantum-resistant solutions. The network's modular design may allow for future cryptographic upgrades if required.

V. GENERAL INFORMATIONA. Information of the Offeror or the Person Seeking Admission to Trading

• A.1 Name: N/A

• A.2 Legal Entity Identifier (LEI): N/A

• A.3 Legal Form, if applicable: N/A

• A.4 Registered Office, if applicable: N/A

• A.5 Head Office, if applicable: N/A

• A.6 Date of Registration [YYYY-MM-DD]: N/A

• A.7 Legal Entity Number: N/A

• A.8 Contact Telephone Number: N/A

• A.9 E-Mail Address: N/A

• A.10 Response Time (days): N/A

• A.11 Members of Management Body: N/A

• A.12 Business Activity: N/A

• A.13 Newly Established: N/A

• A.14 Financial Condition for the past Three Years: N/A

• A.15 Financial Condition since Registration: N/A

• A.16 Parent Company, if applicable: N/A

• A.17 Parent Company Business Activity, if applicable: N/A

B. Information of the IssuerThis section shall ONLY be completed if the information is different to that listed in section 1, above.

• B.1 Is the Issuer different from an offeror or person seeking admission to trading?: TRUE

• B.2 Name: Illuvium Labs Pty Ltd

• B.3 Legal Entity Identifier (LEI): No information could be identified in regards to this field at the time of drafting this whitepaper.

• B.4 Legal Form, if applicable: Proprietary Limited Company

• B.5 Registered Office, if applicable: L 17 383 Kent St Sydney, NEW SOUTH WALES, 2000 Australia

• B.5 Head Office, if applicable: L 17 383 Kent St Sydney, NEW SOUTH WALES, 2000 Australia

• B.6 Date of Registration [YYYY-MM-DD]: 2021-07-06

• B.7 Legal Entity Number: 651 740 537

• B.8 Members of the Management Body:

  • Line ID 1: Identity: Aaron Keith Warwick, Business Address: Greater Sydney Area, Australia, Function: Director

• B.9 Business Activity: The issuer, Illuvium Labs Pty Ltd, is the core development entity responsible for building and maintaining the Illuvium gaming ecosystem, including its associated smart contracts, user interfaces, and game clients.

• B.10 Parent Company: No information could be identified in regards to this field at the time of drafting this whitepaper.

• B.11 Parent Company Business Activity: No information could be identified in regards to this field at the time of drafting this whitepaper.

C. Information about OKX Europe Limited ("OKX")This section shall ONLY be completed if OKX draws up the Crypto-Asset White Paper.

• C.1 Name: OKX Europe Limited

• C.2 Legal Entity Identifier: 54930069NLWEIGLHXU42

• C.3 Legal Form, if applicable: Private Limited Company

• C.4 Registered Office, if applicable: Piazzetta Business Plaza, Office Number 4, Floor 2, Triq Ghar il-Lembi, Sliema, SLM1562, Malta

• C.5 Head Office, if applicable: See C.4

• C.6 Date of Registration: 2018-09-07

• C.7 Legal Entity Registration Number: C 88193

• C.8 Members of Management Body:

  • Line ID 1: Identity: Erald Henri J. Ghoos, Business Address: See C.4, Function: Director

  • Line ID 2: Identity: Fang Hong, Business Address: See C.4, Function: Director

  • Line ID 3: Identity: Joseph Portelli, Business Address: See C.4, Function: Director

  • Line ID 4: Identity: Wei Man Cheung, Business Address: See C.4, Function: Director

• C.9 Business Activity: OKX Europe Limited is licensed as a Crypto-Asset Service Provider by the Malta Financial Services Authority, bearing licence number OEUR-24352, to provide crypto services under the Markets in Crypto-Assets Act, Chapter 647, Laws of Malta and is the operator of a Trading Platform for Crypto Assets, in accordance with Article 3(1)(18) of Regulation (EU) 2023/1114 (MiCA).

• C.10 Reason for Crypto-Asset White Paper Preparation: This crypto-asset whitepaper has been prepared in accordance with Regulation (EU) 2023/1114 (MiCA) for the purpose of: The admission to trading of ILV on regulated platforms, starting with the OKX Exchange. OKX Europe Limited as a result of being a licenced CASP endeavours to fulfill the obligations established under MiCA and the respective MFSA guidelines to: Notify this whitepaper to the MFSA; Publish the whitepaper publicly; And ensure its registration in the MiCA register maintained by the European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA). This whitepaper has been prepared to provide transparent, accurate, and fair information to prospective token holders and regulatory authorities in line with the principles of MiCA.

• C.11 Parent Company: OKC International Holding Company Limited

• C.12 Parent Company Business Activity: The primary business activity of the parent company is holding of investments.

Other Information*This section shall ONLY be completed if someone, other those referenced in Section 1 to 3, compile and complete the Crypto-Asset White Paper.*

• C.13 Other Persons drawing up the Crypto-Asset White Paper: N/A

• C.14 Reason for Crypto-Asset White Paper Preparation: N/A

VI. INFORMATION ABOUT THE CRYPTO-ASSETD. Information about the Crypto-Asset Project

• D.1 Project Name: Illuvium

• D.2 Crypto-Assets Name: See F.14

• D.3 Abbreviation: See F.14

• D.4 Crypto-Asset Project Description: Illuvium is an open-world fantasy battle game built on the Ethereum blockchain. The project combines elements of exploration with player-versus-player (PVP) battles. The game world is inhabited by creatures known as "Illuvials," which players can capture, collect, and use in battles. The ecosystem is designed to be governed by a decentralised autonomous organisation (DAO), with the ILV token at its core.

• D.5 Details of all natural or legal persons involved in the implementation of the Crypto-Asset Project:

  • Name: Kieran Warwick, Role: Co-founder at Illuvium, Business Address: Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

  • Name: Aaron Keith Warwick, Role: Co-founder at Illuvium, Business Address: Greater Sydney Area, Australia

  • Name: Grant Warwick, Role: Co-founder at Illuvium, Business Address: Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

  • Name: Danny Wilson, Role: CFO at Illuvium, Business Address: Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

  • Name: Rogier van de Beek, Role: Art Director at Illuvium, Business Address: The Hague, South Holland, Netherlands

  • Name: Richard Reyes, Role: Head of Community at Illuvium, Business Address: San Luis Obispo, California, United States

  • Name: Alexandre Belbari, Role: Head of Animation at Illuvium, Business Address: Australia

  • Name: Varto Zaitounian, Role: Head of Finance at Illuvium, Business Address: Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

  • Name: Florian Charnacé, Role: Head of Design at Illuvium, Business Address: France

  • Name: Nicolas Martigne, Role: Head of Sound at Illuvium, Business Address: Paris, France

  • Name: Illuvium Labs FZCO, Role: Core Contributor, Business Address: UAE

  • Name: Illuvium Labs Inc, Role: Core Contributor, Business Address: No information could be identified in regards to this field at the time of drafting this whitepaper.

  • Name: Illuvium Labs Pty Ltd, Role: Core Contributor, Business Address: L 17 383 Kent St Sydney, NEW SOUTH WALES, 2000 Australia

• D.6 Utility Token Classification: TRUE

• D.7 Key Features of Goods/Services for Utility Token Projects, if applicable: The Illuvium project provides a gaming ecosystem where players can explore, battle, and trade digital assets. Key features include the Overworld exploration game, the Arena for PVP battles, and the Zero resource-gathering game, all interconnected within the Illuvium universe.

• D.8 Plans for the Token: While a formal, long-term roadmap has not been recently updated, the project is under continuous development with regular game patches and has announced plans to evolve its "Overworld" game into a massively multiplayer online (MMO) experience. The token's utility in governance and staking is central to these ongoing developments.

• D.9 Resource Allocation, if applicable: The initial allocation of the 10,000,000 ILV tokens was structured as follows: Pre-Seed (5%), Seed (15%), Team (15%), Treasury (15%), Launchpad (10%), and Yield/In-Game Rewards (40%). Allocations for the team and investors are subject to multi-year vesting schedules.

• D.10 Planned Use of Collected Funds or Crypto-Assets, if applicable: The project's treasury, which received 15% of the initial token supply, is governed by the Illuvium DAO. Funds are intended for use in ecosystem development, marketing, grants for third-party developers, and operational expenses. The allocation of these funds is subject to the DAO's governance process, which is directed by the elected Illuvinati Council.

E. Information about the Offer to the Public of the Crypto-Asset or Its Admission to Trading

• E.1 Public Offering or Admission to Trading: ATTR

• E.2 Reasons for Public Offer or Admission to Trade: Facilitating secondary trading for users on the OKX Trading platform in compliance with the MiCA regulatory framework.

• E.3 Fundraising Target, if applicable: N/A

• E.4 Minimum Subscription Goals, if applicable: N/A

• E.5 Maximum Subscription Goals, if applicable: N/A

• E.6 Oversubscription Acceptance: N/A

• E.7 Oversubscription Allocation, if applicable: N/A

• E.8 Issue Price: N/A

• E.9 Official Currency or Any Other Crypto-Assets determining the Issue Price: N/A

• E.10 Subscription Fee: N/A

• E.11 Offer Price Determination Method: N/A

• E.12 Total Number of Offered/Traded Crypto-Assets, if applicable: The total supply of ILV is capped at 10,000,000 tokens by social consensus. This maximum supply is not programmatically enforced in the token's smart contract, and adherence relies on the project's governance processes.

• E.13 Targeted Holders: N/A

• E.14 Holder Restrictions: N/A

• E.15 Reimbursement Notice: N/A

• E.16 Refund Mechanism: N/A

• E.17 Refund Timeline: N/A

• E.18 Offer Phases: N/A

• E.19 Early Purchase Discount: N/A

• E.20 Time-Limited Offer: N/A

• E.21 Subscription Period, beginning [YYYY-MM-DD]: N/A

• E.22 Subscription Period, end [YYYY-MM-DD]: N/A

• E.23 Safeguarding Arrangement for Offered Funds/Crypto-Assets: N/A

• E.24 Payment Methods for Crypto-Asset Purchase: In line with OKX current payment method offering.

• E.25 Value Transfer Methods for Reimbursement: N/A

• E.26 Right of Withdrawal, if applicable: N/A

• E.27 Transfer of Purchased Crypto-Assets: In line with OKX current Terms of Service.

• E.28 Transfer Time Schedule [YYYY-MM-DD]: N/A

• E.29 Purchaser's Technical Requirements: In line with OKX current Terms of Service.

• E.30 Crypto-Asset Service Provider (CASP) name, if applicable: OKX Europe Limited

• E.31 CASP identifier, if applicable: 54930069NLWEIGLHXU42

• E.32 Placement Form: NTAV

• E.33 Trading Platforms Name, if applicable: OKX

• E.34 Trading Platforms Market Identifier Code (MIC): n/a

• E.35 Trading Platforms Access, if applicable: Users may access ILV through the OKX Trading Platform via the Application Program Interface ("API"), the Application Software ("OKX App"), as well as the official OKX website as follows; www.okx.com.

• E.36 Involved Costs, if applicable: In line with the OKX current Terms of Service.

• E.37 Offer Expenses: n/a

• E.38 Conflicts of Interest: A crypto-asset is listed following a decision rendered independently by the Listing Committee in line with the internal policies of OKX Europe Limited. Any potential disclosures that may arise of conflicts of interest are published on the OKX website.

• E.39 Applicable Law: Malta

• E.40 Competent Court: Malta

F. Information about the Crypto-Assets

• F.1 Crypto-Asset Type: Other Crypto-Asset

• F.2 Crypto-Asset Functionality: The ILV token has two primary functions: governance and staking. Token holders can stake their ILV to participate in the election of the Illuvinati Council, which governs the protocol. Stakers are also entitled to receive rewards distributed from the Illuvium Vault, which collects revenue generated from in-game activities through an automated buyback mechanism.

• F.3 Planned Application of Functionalities: All described functionalities, including governance participation and staking for revenue share, are currently active and available to token holders.

• F.4 Type of White Paper: OTHR

• F.5 Type of Submission: NEWT

• F.6 Crypto-Asset Characteristics: The ILV token is a fungible utility token implemented on the Ethereum blockchain under the ERC-20 standard. It is freely transferable and does not confer ownership of the protocol or any legal claim on its treasury. Its supply is capped via social consensus at 10 million tokens. A key economic feature is the automated redistribution of protocol revenue to stakers.

• F.7 Commercial Name or Trading Name, if applicable: See F.14

• F.8 Website of the Issuer: https://illuvium.io/

• F.9 Starting Date of Offer to the Public or Admission to Trading [YYYY-MM-DD]: 2025-02-20

• F.10 Publication Date [YYYY-MM-DD]: [To be completed]

• F.11 Any Other Services Provided by the Issuer: N/A

• F.12 Identifier of Operator of the Trading Platform: N/A

• F.13 Language/s of the White Paper: English

• F.14 Digital Token Identifier Code used to uniquely identify the Crypto-Asset or each of the several Crypto-Assets to which the White Paper relates, where available: Q6FXWGJDK

• F.15 Functionally Fungible Group Digital Token Identifier, where available: 1J74CCB0S

• F.16 Voluntary Data Flag: FALSE

• F.17 Personal Data Flag: TRUE

• F.18 LEI Eligibility: N/A

• F.19 Home Member State: Malta

• F.20 Host Member States: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Ireland, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Liechtenstein, Norway.

G. Information about the Rights and Obligations Attached to the Crypto-Asset

• G.1 Purchaser Rights and Obligations: There are no obligations attached for the purchaser. Holders of the ILV token have the right to participate in the governance of the Illuvium ecosystem by staking their tokens to vote for members of the Illuvinati Council. Holders also have the right to stake their tokens to earn a proportional share of the protocol's revenue, which is distributed as rewards.

• G.2 Exercise of Rights and Obligations: Since there are no obligations, there is no corresponding method of exercise. Governance rights are exercised through the official Illuvium staking and governance portal (staking.illuvium.io), where users can lock their tokens to cast votes in council elections. The right to earn rewards is exercised by depositing ILV tokens into the project's official staking contracts, with rewards claimable through the same interface.

• G.3 Conditions for Modifications of Rights and Obligations: As the token does not grant obligations, there are no conditions under which obligations may be modified. The rights associated with the ILV token can be modified through the protocol's formal governance process. This requires a proposal to be passed by a supermajority vote of the elected Illuvinati Council. In exceptional circumstances, an "Executioner DAO" (eDAO) controlled by the core team retains the ability to unilaterally make changes to mitigate emergencies or critical exploits.

• G.4 Future Public Offers, if applicable: N/A

• G.5 Issuer Retained Crypto-Assets, if applicable: At the token generation event, 15% of the total supply (1,500,000 ILV) was allocated to the Team, and 15% (1,500,000 ILV) was allocated to the Treasury. The Team's allocation is subject to a multi-year linear vesting schedule. The Treasury allocation is controlled by the Illuvium DAO and is not subject to a fixed vesting schedule.

• G.6 Utility Token Classification: TRUE

• G.7 Key Features of Goods/Services of Utility Tokens: The ILV token provides holders with the ability to participate in the project's governance by electing council members who vote on proposals. It also allows holders to stake their tokens to earn rewards generated from in-game revenue streams, such as marketplace fees and land sales.

• G.8 Utility Tokens Redemption, if applicable: The ILV token is not redeemable for specific off-chain goods, services, or fiat currency. Its utility is derived from its role in governance and staking within the Illuvium digital ecosystem. The ILV token is freely and instantly transferable, utilising the underlying blockchain network's standard processes.

• G.9 Non-Trading Request: TRUE

• G.10 Crypto-Assets Purchase or Sale Modalities: N/A

• G.11 Crypto-Assets Transfer Restrictions: In line with OKX current Terms of Service.

• G.12 Supply Adjustment Protocols: N/A

• G.13 Supply Adjustments Mechanisms: N/A

• G.14 Token Value Protection Schemes: FALSE

• G.15 Token Value Protection Schemes Description: N/A

• G.16 Compensation Schemes: FALSE

• G.17 Compensation Schemes Description, if applicable: N/A

• G.18 Applicable Law: Malta

• G.19 Competent Court: Malta

H. Information about the Underlying Technology

• H.1 Distributed Ledger Technology, if applicable: See F.14

• H.2 Protocols and Technical Standards: The ILV token is implemented using the ERC‑20 token standard on the Ethereum blockchain. ERC‑20 is the widely adopted standard for fungible tokens on Ethereum, defining a common interface for token issuance, transfers, and third-party integrations. ERC‑20 tokens are deployed via smart contracts that control total supply, balances, and permissions, and are compatible with Ethereum wallets, DeFi applications, and decentralized exchanges. The standard supports functions such as transfer, approve, mint, and burn, enabling programmable token logic through Ethereum's account-based architecture.

• H.3 Technology Used, if relevant: The ILV token is deployed on the Ethereum blockchain using the ERC‑20 token standard. Ethereum is a general-purpose Layer 1 blockchain that supports smart contract execution via the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM). The token contract is written in Solidity and interacts with the Ethereum network using RPC-compatible clients. The Ethereum ecosystem enables composability with DeFi, NFT, and DAO infrastructure, and supports programmable token functionality within a Turing-complete environment.

• H.4 Consensus Mechanism, if applicable: Ethereum uses a Proof-of-Stake (PoS) consensus mechanism. Validators are selected to propose and attest to new blocks based on the amount of ETH they have staked. Blocks are finalized through a checkpoint-based finality system, with strong economic incentives to penalize dishonest behavior. This mechanism supports decentralization, finality, and high security. This consensus model ensures the integrity of the blockchain, including the execution and recording of all associated transactions for the ILV token.

• H.5 Incentive Mechanisms and Applicable Fees: Ethereum validators earn rewards in the native token (ETH) for producing and attesting to blocks. Gas fees are paid in ETH and are required to execute transactions or smart contract calls, including ILV token transfers. Under EIP-1559, a portion of the base fee is burned while the remainder is distributed to validators. Fees vary depending on network congestion and computational complexity of the transaction.

• H.6 Use of Distributed Ledger Technology: FALSE

• H.7 DLT Functionality Description: N/A

• H.8 Audit of the Technology Used: TRUE

• H.9 Audit Outcome, if applicable: The project's smart contracts have undergone multiple audits. Quantstamp (https://certificate.quantstamp.com/) audited the ERC-20 token contract in March 2021 and the V2 staking contracts in March 2022. PeckShield (https://github.com/peckshield/publications/blob/master/audit_reports/PeckShield-Audit-Report-Illuvium-v1.0.pdf) also audited the V2 staking contracts in March 2022. The audits covered key areas of functionality and security, and the reports are publicly available.

I. Information on the Principal Adverse Impacts on the Climate and Other Environmental-Related Adverse Impacts of the Consensus Mechanism Used to Issue the Crypto-Asset.

• I.1 Name: OKX Europe Limited

• I.2 Relevant legal entity identifier: 54930069NLWEIGLHXU42

• I.3 Name of the crypto-asset: Illuvium

• I.4 Consensus Mechanism: Illuvium is present on the following networks: Ethereum, Solana. The crypto-asset's Proof-of-Stake (PoS) consensus mechanism, introduced with The Merge in 2022, replaces mining with validator staking. Validators must stake at least 32 ETH every block a validator is randomly chosen to propose the next block. Once proposed the other validators verify the blocks integrity. The network operates on a slot and epoch system, where a new block is proposed every 12 seconds, and finalization occurs after two epochs (~12.8 minutes) using Casper-FFG. The Beacon Chain coordinates validators, while the fork-choice rule (LMD-GHOST) ensures the chain follows the heaviest accumulated validator votes. Validators earn rewards for proposing and verifying blocks, but face slashing for malicious behavior or inactivity. PoS aims to improve energy efficiency, security, and scalability, with future upgrades like Proto-Danksharding enhancing transaction efficiency. Solana uses a unique combination of Proof of History (PoH) and Proof of Stake (PoS) to achieve high throughput, low latency, and robust security. Core Concepts: Proof of History (PoH): Time-Stamped Transactions; Verifiable Delay Function. Proof of Stake (PoS): Validator Selection; Delegation. Consensus Process: Transaction Validation; PoH Sequence Generation; Block Production; Consensus and Finalization. Security and Economic Incentives: Incentives for Validators: Block Rewards; Transaction Fees. Security: Staking; Delegated Staking. Economic Penalties: Slashing.

• I.5 Incentive Mechanisms and Applicable Fees: Illuvium is present on the following networks: Ethereum, Solana. The crypto-asset's PoS system secures transactions through validator incentives and economic penalties. Validators stake at least 32 ETH and earn rewards for proposing blocks, attesting to valid ones, and participating in sync committees. Rewards are paid in newly issued ETH and transaction fees. Under EIP-1559, transaction fees consist of a base fee, which is burned to reduce supply, and an optional priority fee (tip) paid to validators. Validators face slashing if they act maliciously and incur penalties for inactivity. This system aims to increase security by aligning incentives while making the crypto-asset's fee structure more predictable and deflationary during high network activity. Solana uses a combination of Proof of History (PoH) and Proof of Stake (PoS) to secure its network and validate transactions. Incentive Mechanisms: Validators: Staking Rewards; Transaction Fees. Delegators: Delegated Staking. Economic Security: Slashing; Opportunity Cost. Fees Applicable on the Solana Blockchain: Transaction Fees: Low and Predictable Fees; Fee Structure. Rent Fees: State Storage. Smart Contract Fees: Execution Costs.

• I.6 Beginning of the period to which the disclosure relates: 2024-10-02

• I.7 End of the period to which the disclosure relates: 2025-10-02

• I.8 Energy consumption: 269.06000 (kWh/a)

• I.9 Energy consumption sources and methodologies: The energy consumption of this asset is aggregated across multiple components: To determine the energy consumption of a token, the energy consumption of the network(s) ethereum, solana, is calculated first. For the energy consumption of the token, a fraction of the energy consumption of the network is attributed to the token, which is determined based on the activity of the crypto-asset within the network. When calculating the energy consumption, the Functionally Fungible Group Digital Token Identifier (FFG DTI) is used - if available - to determine all implementations of the asset in scope. The mappings are updated regularly, based on data of the Digital Token Identifier Foundation. The information regarding the hardware used and the number of participants in the network is based on assumptions that are verified with best effort using empirical data. In general, participants are assumed to be largely economically rational. As a precautionary principle, we make assumptions on the conservative side when in doubt, i.e. making higher estimates for the adverse impacts.

VII. GLOSSARY

• Consensus Mechanism: Shall mean the rules and procedures by which an agreement is reached, among the DLT network nodes, that a transaction is validated.

• Crypto-Asset: Shall mean a digital representation of a value or of a right that is able to be transferred and stored electronically using distributed ledger technology or similar technology.

• Distributed Ledger Technology or DLT: shall mean the technology that enables the operation and use of distributed ledgers.

• Home Member State: Shall mean either (a) where the offeror or person seeking admission to trading of crypto-assets other than asset-referenced tokens or e-money tokens has its registered office in the Union, the Member State where that offeror or person has its registered office; or (b) where the offeror or person seeking admission to trading of crypto-assets other than asset-referenced tokens or e-money tokens has no registered office in the Union but does have one or more branches in the Union, the Member State chosen by that offeror or person from among the Member States where it has branches; or (c) where the offeror or person seeking admission to trading of crypto-assets other than asset-referenced tokens or e-money tokens is established in a third country and has no branch in the Union, either the Member State where the crypto-assets are intended to be offered to the public for the first time or, at the choice of the offeror or person seeking admission to trading, the Member State where the first application for admission to trading of those crypto-assets is made; or (d) in the case of an Issuer of asset-referenced tokens, the Member State where the Issuer of asset-referenced tokens has its registered office; or (e) in the case of an Issuer of e-money tokens, the Member State where the Issuer of e-money tokens is authorised as a credit institution under Directive 2013/36/EU or as an electronic money institution under Directive 2009/110/EC; or (f) in the case of crypto-asset service providers, the Member State where the crypto-asset service provider has its registered office.

• Host Member State: Shall mean the Member State where an Offeror or Person Seeking Admission to Trading has made an offer to the Public of Crypto-Assets or is seeking admission to trading, or where a Crypto-Asset Service Provider provides crypto-asset services, where different from the Home Member State.

• Issuer: Shall mean a natural or legal person, or other undertaking, who issues crypto-assets.

• Management Body: Shall mean the body or bodies of an Issuer, Offeror, Person Seeking Admission to Trading, or of a Crypto-Asset Service Provider, which are appointed in accordance with National Law, which are empowered to set the entity's strategy, objectives and overall direction, and which oversee and monitor management decision-making in the entity and include the persons who effectively direct the business of the entity.

• Offer to the Public: Shall mean a communication to persons in any form, and by any means, presenting sufficient information on the terms of the offer and the crypto-assets to be offered so as to enable prospective holders to decide whether to purchase those crypto-assets.

• Offeror: Shall mean a natural or legal person, or other undertaking, or the Issuer, who offers crypto-assets to the public.

• Operator: Shall mean the entity that runs a trading platform for crypto-assets.

• Qualified Investors: Shall mean persons or entities that are listed in Section I, points (1) to (4), of Annex II to Directive 2014/65/EU.

• Retail Investor/Holder: Shall means any natural person who is acting for purposes which are outside that person's trade, business, craft or profession.

• Utility Token: Shall mean a type of crypto-asset that is only intended to provide access to a good or a service supplied by its Issuer.